Burnout rarely arrives all at once. It builds over months, often in the people who care most, and by the time it is obvious it has usually been there a while.
The World Health Organization describes burnout as resulting from chronic work stress that has not been successfully managed, with three dimensions: exhaustion, growing mental distance or cynicism about your work, and a sense that you are no longer effective. The same pattern can build in other demanding roles, such as caring for someone or running a business.
This is a self-check, not a diagnosis.
01
Stress or burnout?
| Stress | Burnout |
|---|---|
| Too much: too many demands | Not enough: energy, motivation, hope |
| Emotions run high | Emotions feel flattened or numb |
| Urgency and over-engagement | Detachment and disengagement |
| You can picture things improving | It is hard to see anything changing |
| Comes and goes | Creeps up until it feels normal |
02
Self-check
There is no pass mark. A pattern of 2s and 3s, especially across exhaustion, detachment and feeling ineffective, is a reason to act now rather than wait.
03
Where are you, and what next?
Stage 1
Enthusiasm
What it looks like: High energy and commitment, taking on more.
What helps: Build sustainable habits now, while it is easy.
Stage 2
Onset of stress
What it looks like: Some days harder; sleep, focus or patience slipping.
What helps: Name it, and look at what has changed.
Stage 3
Chronic stress
What it looks like: Stress most of the time; cynicism, procrastination, withdrawal.
What helps: Talk to someone, and change the load where you can.
Stage 4
Burnout
What it looks like: Exhaustion, self-doubt, physical symptoms; usual coping no longer works.
What helps: More than a weekend off: see your GP.
Stage 5
Habitual burnout
What it looks like: Symptoms have become part of daily life.
What helps: Professional support matters. Recovery is very possible, but not alone.
Exercise
Next step
The stage that fits me best, and why:
One change I will make this week:
Who I will talk to:
Further reading
- Burn-out an “occupational phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases, World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases)